BIM File Formats Guide: OpenBIM and Native Formats for Better Projects
Did you know that choosing the right file format can make or break your BIM project’s success? Within Building Information Modeling (BIM), the choice of file formats is not just a technical detail but a foundational component that drives the entire modeling process. Understanding and using the right file formats is essential as they facilitate the detailed and complex data management required in BIM projects. This data, when managed well, enhances not only the efficiency of project workflows but also fosters effective collaboration across various disciplines involved in design, construction, maintenance and operation. Let’s explore how proper file management can transform and streamline your BIM processes to boost project success.
Key BIM file formats
Choosing the correct file formats is a strategic decision in BIM. These file formats hold project data, ensuring it is accessible and usable across different software platforms. Understanding these formats will help you enhance project interoperability and collaboration. Let’s dive into some of the most used openBIM formats, developed by buildingSMART, as well as native file formats that facilitate these critical aspects of BIM projects.
OpenBIM file formats
IFC for interoperability
Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) is an open, standardized, vendor-neutral BIM file format. IFC files contain detailed information about building elements, facilitating the seamless exchange of data across various BIM applications. It empowers architects, engineers, and construction professionals to collaborate more efficiently, regardless of the BIM tools they use, promoting better decision-making throughout a project’s lifecycle. For instance, by using IFC formats, structural engineers can seamlessly integrate their models with those created by architects and other specialists, using different tools. This accurate data exchange encourages efficient teamwork and reduces errors in complex construction projects.
BCF for communication
The BIM Collaboration Format (BCF) is a standardized format designed to boost communication and facilitate efficient issue tracking and management among BIM project stakeholders. BCF files include information about model issues, screenshots, and comments. They promote collaboration and coordination during the design and construction of a project. By using BCF files, you provide a centralized way of discussing and resolving issues, reducing misunderstandings and potential errors. It separates communication from the model, enabling you to track and manage issues without altering the model files. For example, in a large-scale construction project, using BCF could streamline the coordination process by providing a platform where architects, engineers, contractors, and even non-technical stakeholders can pinpoint and discuss specific model-related issues. This ensures that solutions are efficiently implemented and tracked through the project lifecycle.
IDS for meeting requirements
Information Delivery Specification, or IDS, is an openBIM file format that defines the Data Exchange Requirements in BIM. Based on IFC, it defines how objects, classifications, materials, properties and values must be delivered and exchanged. IDS promotes the creation of high-quality BIM models from the start by sharing the model exchange requirements with key stakeholders involved in a project. It gives project participants a clear insight into what they need to deliver and how, ensuring everyone is on the same page. This structured approach facilitates easy collaboration and improved operability throughout a project’s lifecycle, ensuring high-quality models leading to better project outcomes.
Native BIM file formats
Native file formats are specific to a software tool. They are often proprietary as they are not always compatible with other software applications. That is why they are often converted or exported to the openBIM formats we have just discussed to bridge the gap between software systems and improve interoperability. However, native file formats can offer significant benefits for their respective ecosystems, as they are optimized for specific features. Below we will discuss some of the most used native file formats in BIM, including formats from Autodesk, AutoCAD, Tekla Structures, Allplan and Archicad.
Autodesk Revit files (.rvt) for Detailed BIM Projects
The .rvt file format is a proprietary file format used in Autodesk Revit, to store comprehensive data about building elements. It is a specialty format used solely by BIM modelers. The .rvt file format helps capture the multifaceted nature of building projects through detailed 3D modeling and documentation. Revit files are vital in complex architectural and engineering projects; they enable modelers to manage detailed design elements and collaborate effectively. For instance, in the development of a multi-story building, .rvt files allow for precise layering of electrical, plumbing, and structural details, ensuring all aspects are perfectly aligned and integrable. Revit supports the export of .rvt files to open formats such as IFC.
AutoCAD .dwg files for design versatility
Drawing (.dwg) files, a native file format for AutoCAD, are integral to both CAD and BIM workflows. Known for their versatility, .dwg files facilitate detailed design and extensive documentation across many disciplines. Within the AEC industry, .dwg files are essential for creating precise, scalable drawings that can be easily shared and modified. It is a valuable tool for incorporating detailed design information into the BIM process. For example, they enable architects to deliver elaborate building plans that contractors use to guide the construction process, ensuring accuracy and adherence to design
Tekla Structures (.tbp, .tekla) for structural modeling
Tekla Projec files (.tbp, .tekla) are native to Tekla Structures. They can store detailed structural data, such as the material of elements, as well as their connections, reinforcement detailes and other significant structural information. With these files, you can even include construction sequences and instructions. It enables modelers to manage highly detailed models, specifically for structural engineering. The files can be exported to IFC and other formats to promote interoperability and collaboration in teams.
Allplan Drawing and Project files (.ndw, .npl) to store drawings and projects
Other commonly used native file formats are by Allplan, including the Allplan Drawing file (.ndw) and the Allplan Project file (.npl). The .ndw file format can be used to store drawings or views, whereas the .npl format includes the complete project, from drawings and models to quantities and cost calculations. The Allplan file formats are ideal for architectural and engineering workflows due to its precision in design and detailing. These files can be converted to the IFC format to share model data across different software tools.
Archicad formats (.pln, .pla) for architectural focus
Archicad offers BIM modeling software for architects. Its primary file format is the .pln format, which stores a complete and detailed architectural model. Besides, there is the .pla format that acts as a project archive, including all necessary files, libraries and external references. That way, the complete project can easily be shared. Of course, the Archicad models can be exported to IFC and BCF, ensuring smooth collaboration with external BIM software.
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